{"id":30417,"date":"2020-07-09T11:14:13","date_gmt":"2020-07-09T11:14:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/penosil.com\/cz\/educational_articles\/how-construction-foam-works\/"},"modified":"2023-06-01T10:45:37","modified_gmt":"2023-06-01T08:45:37","slug":"jak-funguje-stavebni-pena","status":"publish","type":"educational_articles","link":"https:\/\/penosil.com\/cz\/vzdelavaci-clanky\/jak-funguje-stavebni-pena\/","title":{"rendered":"Polyuretanov\u00e1 p\u011bna v prvn\u00ed linii v\u00fdstavby"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

P\u0159i izolaci a ut\u011bs\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed modern\u00edch budov se neobejdete bez polyuretanov\u00e9 p\u011bny. P\u0159esto\u017ee jsou p\u011bny na trhu ji\u017e pom\u011brn\u011b dlouho, v\u00fdrobci jsou neust\u00e1le \u017e\u00e1d\u00e1ni o radu, jak p\u011bna funguje a jak\u00e1 jsou krit\u00e9ria pro spr\u00e1vn\u00fd v\u00fdb\u011br pro konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed oblast pou\u017eit\u00ed.<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Syntetick\u00fd polymer polyuretan byl objeven v N\u011bmecku v druh\u00e9 polovin\u011b 30. let 20. stolet\u00ed a o deset let pozd\u011bji byl v USA p\u0159edstaven tuh\u00fd p\u011bnov\u00fd materi\u00e1l pro izolaci. Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o polymer, kter\u00fd je odoln\u00fd v\u016f\u010di chemik\u00e1li\u00edm, pov\u011btrnostn\u00edm podm\u00ednk\u00e1m a mechanick\u00e9mu opot\u0159eben\u00ed, jeho\u017e v\u00fdrobn\u00ed postup je pom\u011brn\u011b jednoduch\u00fd a kter\u00fd m\u00e1 spoustu oblast\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00ed, nebyla nalezena lep\u0161\u00ed alternativa k polyuretanu ve stavebnictv\u00ed. Vysoce kvalitn\u00ed polyuretanov\u00e1 p\u011bna se vyzna\u010duje jemnou p\u00f3rovitost\u00ed, rovnom\u011brnou strukturou, dobrou stabilitou sp\u00e1r, velmi dobrou p\u0159ilnavost\u00ed k podkladu a rychl\u00fdm tvrdnut\u00edm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zjednodu\u0161en\u011b \u0159e\u010deno, jednoslo\u017ekov\u00e9 polyuretanov\u00e9 p\u011bny se d\u011bl\u00ed na z\u00e1kladn\u00ed a speci\u00e1ln\u00ed.<\/strong> Speci\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u011bny jsou p\u011bnov\u00e1 lepidla<\/a>, ohnivzdorn\u00e9 p\u011bny<\/a> a elastick\u00e9 p\u011bny. Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed p\u011bny jsou ur\u010deny pro celoro\u010dn\u00ed nebo zimn\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00ed a pat\u0159\u00ed mezi n\u011b p\u011bny s vysokou v\u00fdt\u011b\u017enost\u00ed nebo s n\u00edzk\u00fdm postexpanzn\u00edm \u00fa\u010dinkem, plnic\u00ed p\u011bny, p\u011bny ve spreji nebo s n\u00edzk\u00fdm obsahem izokyan\u00e1t\u016f atd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Obecn\u011b plat\u00ed, \u017ee trubi\u010dkov\u00e9 p\u011bny<\/a> se vyzna\u010duj\u00ed zna\u010dnou postexpanz\u00ed a pistolov\u00e9 p\u011bny malou postexpanz\u00ed. Rozd\u00edl vych\u00e1z\u00ed z fyziky – jestli\u017ee u sl\u00e1mov\u00e9 p\u011bny se tlak uvol\u0148uje p\u0159i vytla\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u011bny z plechovky, pak u pistolov\u00e9 p\u011bny<\/a> se uvol\u0148uje na konci pistole, co\u017e zaji\u0161\u0165uje rovnom\u011brnou nad\u00fdchanou strukturu, minim\u00e1ln\u00ed postexpanzi a maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdt\u011b\u017enost. Mezi t\u011bmito dv\u011bma variantami jsou p\u011bny s tenk\u00fdm aplik\u00e1torem, v jejich\u017e p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b je p\u011bna stla\u010dov\u00e1na ve spou\u0161ti. V porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s p\u011bnou trubi\u010dkovou je v\u00fdt\u011b\u017enost lep\u0161\u00ed a postexpanze m\u00e9n\u011b v\u00fdrazn\u00e1. V d\u016fsledku v\u00fdvoje v\u00fdrobk\u016f a chemick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek byla vyvinuta \u0159ada p\u011bn se specifick\u00fdm slo\u017een\u00edm, kter\u00e9 byly upraveny tak, aby jejich pou\u017eit\u00ed v ur\u010dit\u00e9 pracovn\u00ed f\u00e1zi bylo co nejvhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Nap\u0159\u00edklad elastick\u00e1 sl\u00e1mov\u00e1 p\u011bna, jej\u00ed\u017e expanze je men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1, nebo st\u0159\u00edkac\u00ed p\u011bna s rozpra\u0161ovac\u00ed tryskou, kter\u00e1 expanduje o 100 %. Charakteristikou kvalitn\u00edho p\u011bnov\u00e9ho lepidla je v\u017edy n\u00edzk\u00fd expanzn\u00ed tlak.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Polyuretanov\u00e9 p\u011bny jsou prim\u00e1rn\u011b ur\u010deny k izolaci, t\u011bsn\u011bn\u00ed a v\u00fdplni. <\/strong>P\u011bny nemohou plnit nosnou funkci a nejsou vhodn\u00e9 k upevn\u011bn\u00ed. V r\u016fzn\u00fdch zem\u00edch se stavebn\u00ed praxe li\u0161\u00ed, ale t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u017edy se striktn\u011b doporu\u010duje mechanick\u00e9 upevn\u011bn\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na p\u0159i mont\u00e1\u017ei oken. V\u00fdjimkou je op\u011bt p\u011bnov\u00e9 lepidlo, kter\u00e9 lze pro upevn\u011bn\u00ed tak\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edt. P\u0159i v\u00fdvoji p\u011bnov\u00fdch lepidel byla v\u011bnov\u00e1na velk\u00e1 pozornost jejich dobr\u00fdm lepic\u00edm vlastnostem. P\u0159esto\u017ee b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 p\u011bny maj\u00ed tak\u00e9 dobr\u00e9 lepic\u00ed vlastnosti, nem\u011bla by se p\u011bna jako lepidlo pou\u017e\u00edvat. Existuj\u00ed specifick\u00e9 po\u017eadavky na p\u0159ilnavost a pou\u017eit\u00ed p\u011bny m\u00edsto lepidla na kritick\u00fdch m\u00edstech nemus\u00ed fungovat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Polyuretanov\u00e1 p\u011bna pot\u0159ebuje ke sv\u00e9mu rozp\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed vzdu\u0161nou vlhkost<\/strong> a p\u0159edem navlh\u010den\u00fd povrch zaji\u0161\u0165uje lep\u0161\u00ed strukturu p\u011bny. Navlh\u010den\u00ed se doporu\u010duje v l\u00e9t\u011b a u por\u00e9zn\u00edch a such\u00fdch povrch\u016f. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b zimn\u00edch p\u011bn (do -18 \u00b0C) m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt vlhkost vzduchu ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed, co\u017e ji\u017e bylo zohledn\u011bno ve slo\u017een\u00ed p\u011bn pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch p\u0159i minusov\u00fdch teplot\u00e1ch. Je v\u0161ak t\u0159eba zajistit, aby podklady byly bez ledu a n\u00e1mrazy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Navlh\u010dit je t\u0159eba sp\u00e1ru nebo povrch, na kter\u00fd m\u00e1 b\u00fdt v\u00fdrobek instalov\u00e1n, nikoliv samotnou p\u011bnu. Voda po\u0161kozuje strukturu p\u011bny. Nejvhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je pou\u017e\u00edt rozpra\u0161ova\u010d, ze kter\u00e9ho kapalina vyt\u00e9k\u00e1 v jemn\u00e9 mlze. Kapky vody nesm\u00ed z\u016fstat na povrchu sp\u00e1ry. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pot\u0159eby mus\u00ed kapky p\u0159ed pou\u017eit\u00edm p\u011bny zaschnout. Pokud se p\u011bna nan\u00e1\u0161\u00ed ve dvou vrstv\u00e1ch, je nutn\u00e9 navlh\u010dit i prvn\u00ed vrstvu p\u011bny. Vzhledem k v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9mu nelze polyuretanov\u00e9 p\u011bny aplikovat v uzav\u0159en\u00e9 m\u00edstnosti nebo v otvoru, proto\u017ee zde nen\u00ed dostate\u010dn\u00e1 vlhkost pot\u0159ebn\u00e1 k vytvrzen\u00ed p\u011bny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159ed pou\u017eit\u00edm je nutn\u00e9 plechovku s p\u011bnou 20kr\u00e1t prot\u0159epat<\/strong>, aby se slo\u017eky prom\u00edchaly a zajistila se dobr\u00e1 struktura p\u011bny. Pot\u00e9 je t\u0159eba plechovku oto\u010dit dnem vzh\u016fru a na\u0161roubovat na pistoli. Pokud se plechovka na\u0161roubuje na pistoli bez p\u0159edchoz\u00edho prot\u0159ep\u00e1n\u00ed, vyt\u00e9k\u00e1 z n\u00ed trochu plynu. Plyn m\u00e1 vliv na v\u00fdt\u011b\u017enost v\u00fdrobku a \u010d\u00e1st p\u011bny m\u016f\u017ee z\u016fstat v plechovce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Plyn je nejnebezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed slo\u017ekou polyuretanov\u00e9 p\u011bny (nebezpe\u010d\u00ed v\u00fdbuchu), a proto mus\u00ed b\u00fdt plechovky s p\u011bnou skladov\u00e1ny a p\u0159epravov\u00e1ny ve svisl\u00e9 poloze. Proto\u017ee je plechovka pod tlakem a je ho\u0159lav\u00e1, mus\u00ed b\u00fdt p\u011bna chr\u00e1n\u011bna p\u0159ed p\u0159eh\u0159\u00e1t\u00edm a uchov\u00e1v\u00e1na mimo dosah zdroj\u016f vzn\u00edcen\u00ed. S ohledem na bezpe\u010dnost aerosolu nesm\u00ed b\u00fdt v\u00fdrobek ponech\u00e1n na slunci na staveni\u0161ti nebo v aut\u011b. Vhodn\u00e1 teplota pro skladov\u00e1n\u00ed je +5 \u00b0C a\u017e +30 \u00b0C. Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, aby byla n\u00e1dobka neporu\u0161en\u00e1 a bez jak\u00fdchkoli prom\u00e1\u010dklin. Po pou\u017eit\u00ed mus\u00ed b\u00fdt plechovky vypr\u00e1zdn\u011bny a odvezeny do sb\u011bru odpadu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aplikace polyuretanov\u00e9 p\u011bny nep\u0159edstavuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 riziko, pokud se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed osobn\u00ed ochrann\u00e9 prost\u0159edky, jako jsou rukavice a ochrann\u00e9 br\u00fdle, a m\u00edstnost je v\u011btran\u00e1.<\/strong> Instalovan\u00e1 a vytvrzen\u00e1 p\u011bna neuvol\u0148uje \u0161kodliv\u00e9 slou\u010deniny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u017divotnost polyuretanov\u00e9 p\u011bny chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e9 proti UV z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed je velmi dlouh\u00e1. Nehnije ani neplesniv\u00ed, nerozpad\u00e1 se ani nek\u0159ehne a odol\u00e1v\u00e1 velk\u00fdm v\u00fdkyv\u016fm teplot a vlhkosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 informace:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

–        P\u0159i v\u00fdb\u011bru p\u011bny je t\u0159eba zohlednit specifick\u00e9 pracovn\u00ed po\u017eadavky a teplotu pou\u017eit\u00ed v\u00fdrobku. Hlavn\u00edmi zp\u016fsoby pou\u017eit\u00ed polyuretanov\u00fdch p\u011bn jsou izolace, vypl\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed a ut\u011bs\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed mezer a instalace dve\u0159\u00ed a oken. Pro speci\u00e1ln\u00ed pr\u00e1ce jsou k dispozici specifick\u00e9 p\u011bny, jako je lepic\u00ed p\u011bna nebo protipo\u017e\u00e1rn\u00ed p\u011bna. \u010c\u00edm citliv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed materi\u00e1ly se na stavb\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed, t\u00edm d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je v\u011bnovat pozornost expanzn\u00edmu tlaku v\u00fdrobku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

–        P\u011bny se tradi\u010dn\u011b nan\u00e1\u0161\u00ed zdola nahoru ve tvaru cik-cak. Pokud u \u00fazk\u00e9 sp\u00e1ry nen\u00ed sm\u011br nan\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed p\u011bny tak d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd, pak u \u0161ir\u0161\u00edch sp\u00e1r mus\u00ed b\u00fdt spoj vybudov\u00e1n. P\u0159i nan\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed p\u011bny shora dol\u016f m\u016f\u017ee p\u011bna jednodu\u0161e spadnout. Lepidlo na p\u011bnu se m\u016f\u017ee uvol\u0148ovat rovn\u011b a v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b st\u0159\u00edkan\u00e9 p\u011bny nen\u00ed sm\u011br nan\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

–        Sp\u00e1ra mus\u00ed b\u00fdt ze 2\/3 vypln\u011bna pistolovou p\u011bnou a z poloviny trubi\u010dkovou p\u011bnou, aby vznikl dostate\u010dn\u00fd prostor pro dilataci p\u011bny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

–        Polyuretanov\u00e1 p\u011bna je dobr\u00fd izola\u010dn\u00ed materi\u00e1l, kter\u00fd pom\u00e1h\u00e1 \u0161et\u0159it energii. P\u0159i instalaci oken pom\u00e1h\u00e1 t\u011bsnic\u00ed p\u011bna sn\u00ed\u017eit \u00faniky vzduchu a tepeln\u00e9 ztr\u00e1ty a u\u0161et\u0159it n\u00e1klady na vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zdroj: Maria \u0160eveljova, Product Managing Department<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"P\u0159i izolaci a ut\u011bs\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed modern\u00edch budov se neobejdete bez polyuretanov\u00e9 p\u011bny. P\u0159esto\u017ee jsou p\u011bny na trhu ji\u017e pom\u011brn\u011b dlouho, v\u00fdrobci jsou neust\u00e1le \u017e\u00e1d\u00e1ni o radu, jak p\u011bna funguje a jak\u00e1 jsou krit\u00e9ria pro spr\u00e1vn\u00fd v\u00fdb\u011br pro konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed oblast pou\u017eit\u00ed. Syntetick\u00fd polymer polyuretan byl objeven v N\u011bmecku v druh\u00e9 polovin\u011b 30. let 20. stolet\u00ed a o […]","protected":false},"author":22,"featured_media":30418,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"advgb_blocks_editor_width":"","advgb_blocks_columns_visual_guide":""},"class_list":["post-30417","educational_articles","type-educational_articles","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nZjist\u011bte jak funguje stavebn\u00ed p\u011bna - Penosil \u010cesk\u00e1 republika<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku se do\u010dtete, jak funguje polyuretanov\u00e1 stavebn\u00ed p\u011bna a jak ji spr\u00e1vn\u011b vybrat pro izola\u010dn\u00ed a t\u011bsnic\u00ed pr\u00e1ce. \u010ct\u011bte v\u00edce!\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/penosil.com\/cz\/vzdelavaci-clanky\/jak-funguje-stavebni-pena\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Zjist\u011bte jak funguje stavebn\u00ed p\u011bna - 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